The term periodontal means “around the tooth.” Periodontal disease affects the gums and the bone that support your teeth. It begins with plaque, a sticky film of food debris, bacteria, and saliva. If plaque is not removed, it hardens into calculus (tartar). When plaque and tartar build up, they begin to damage the gums and bone, leading to red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
Surprisingly, four out of five people have periodontal disease and are unaware of it, as early stages are usually painless.
Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss and may also be linked to systemic conditions such as stroke, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and complications during pregnancy. Smoking further increases the risk of developing the disease.
Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of periodontal disease.
Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease:
- Bleeding gums – Gums should never bleed, even during brushing or flossing
- Loose teeth – Often caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibers
- New spacing between teeth – Resulting from bone loss
- Persistent bad breath – Caused by bacteria in the mouth
- Pus around teeth and gums – Indicates an infection
- Receding gums – Loss of gum tissue around teeth
- Red and puffy gums – Gums should be firm and pink, not inflamed
- Tenderness or discomfort – Plaque, tartar, and bacteria can irritate the gums and teeth