Root canal therapy is performed when the nerve of a tooth is affected by decay, infection, or trauma. The goal is to save the natural tooth by removing the pulp (living tissue inside the tooth), nerves, bacteria, and any decay. The resulting space is then cleaned and filled with specialized, medicated dental materials that restore the tooth’s function.

Rather than extracting a problematic tooth, root canal treatment preserves it, maintaining proper bite alignment and preventing complications for neighboring teeth. Root canal therapy is highly successful and often lasts a lifetime, although some teeth may require retreatment if a new infection develops.

Signs and Symptoms Indicating the Need for Root Canal Therapy

  • An abscess (or pimple) on the gums
  • Sensitivity to hot and cold foods or beverages
  • Severe toothache
  • Swelling or tenderness around the tooth
  • Occasionally, no symptoms may be present

Reasons for Root Canal Therapy

  • Tooth decay has reached the pulp
  • Infection or abscess has developed inside the tooth or at the root tip
  • Injury or trauma to the tooth

What Root Canal Therapy Involves

Root canal therapy may require one or more appointments and can be performed by a general dentist or an endodontist (root canal specialist).

  1. Preparation: The tooth is numbed with local anesthesia, and a rubber dam is placed around it to keep it dry and free of saliva.
  2. Access and Cleaning: An opening is made on top of the tooth. Specialized root canal files are used to remove the pulp, nerve tissue, bacteria, and any decay.
  3. Temporary Filling: If additional appointments are needed, a temporary filling may be placed to protect the tooth between visits.
  4. Sealing: During the follow-up appointment, the cleaned canals are filled and sealed with biocompatible dental materials. A permanent filling covers the opening on top of the tooth.
  5. Crown Placement: A crown is typically placed over the treated tooth to protect it, prevent fractures, and restore full function.

After treatment, some sensitivity may occur, but it generally subsides as the tooth heals and inflammation decreases.

Following your dentist’s care instructions, maintaining good oral hygiene, and attending regular dental check-ups will help ensure the long-term success of your root canal treatment.