Oral Exams and Oral Cancer Screenings

An oral exam is a routine part of both comprehensive initial exams and regular dental check-ups. An oral cancer exam specifically focuses on identifying and managing diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions.

The soft tissues in the mouth are normally covered with mucosa, a specialized type of skin that should appear smooth and pink. Any changes in the color or texture of the mucosa—whether on the gums, tongue, lips, or surrounding areas of the face and neck—may indicate a developing pathology. While some changes are minor, others, like oral cancer, can be serious and potentially life-threatening.

Common Oral Pathologies

Geographic Tongue – Also called Benign Migratory Glossitis or Erythema Migrans, this condition occurs when parts of the tongue lose papillae, giving it a map-like appearance. Red patches may appear along the tongue’s sides and can persist from hours to months, sometimes causing increased sensitivity.

Median Palatal Cyst – A developmental cyst that forms in the middle of the palate, filled with fluid, and can cause significant discomfort.

Hairy Tongue – This condition occurs from bacterial overgrowth or yeast infections, causing the tongue to appear dark and “hairy.” It is often linked to poor oral hygiene, prolonged antibiotic use, radiation therapy, or conditions like HIV. Hairy tongue may or may not require treatment.

Treatment of Oral Pathologies

Most oral pathologies are uncomfortable but not life-threatening. However, oral cancer is increasing, particularly among men, and early detection dramatically improves survival rates. Oral cancer can affect the tongue, jaw, and lower cheeks. Definitive diagnosis requires a biopsy, making early evaluation critical.

Treatment options for non-cancerous conditions may include:

  • Antibiotics – Prescribed for bacterial infections to restore mucosal health and relieve discomfort.
  • Diluted Hydrogen Peroxide – A stronger antiseptic mouthwash that helps combat bacteria and improve oral hygiene.
  • Oral Surgery – Removal of cysts or non-cancerous growths to alleviate discomfort, improve speech, or address functional issues.

Oral Examinations

During regular check-ups, the dentist carefully examines the soft tissues for any abnormalities. If cell changes are detected, a biopsy may be performed and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Results guide the dentist in determining the most appropriate treatment.

Oral Cancer Screenings

Oral cancer screenings are typically performed during comprehensive or routine check-ups. The procedure is painless and quick. A laser light is used to inspect the soft tissues for suspicious cell changes. If abnormalities are found, a small biopsy is taken. Should the biopsy confirm oral cancer, surgical removal of the affected tissue is usually recommended.

If you are experiencing pain or notice any unusual changes in your mouth, contact us promptly to schedule an appointment.