Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease or periodontitis, is a progressive condition and the leading cause of tooth loss among adults in developed countries. It begins when toxins in dental plaque irritate and inflame the gum tissue (gingiva). This bacterial infection, often starting as gingivitis, can eventually destroy both gum tissue and the underlying bone. If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to loose teeth or even tooth loss.

Types of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease can present in several forms, including aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and periodontitis associated with systemic conditions. Each type has unique characteristics and symptoms, but all require prompt dental intervention to prevent further tissue and bone loss.

Common Signs & Symptoms

Periodontal disease often progresses silently, with few or no symptoms in its early stages, which is why regular dental checkups are essential. Key signs to watch for include:

  • Unexplained bleeding: Gums that bleed during brushing, flossing, or eating may indicate infection caused by plaque toxins.
  • Pain, redness, or swelling: Swollen, red, or tender gums are signs of infection that should be addressed promptly to prevent damage to gums and jawbone.
  • Longer-looking teeth: Gum recession caused by tissue and bone destruction can make teeth appear longer and the smile more “toothy.”
  • Bad breath (halitosis): Persistent bad breath may result from bacteria and trapped food in deep gum pockets.
  • Loose teeth or changes in bite: As the supporting bone is destroyed, teeth can loosen or shift position.
  • Pus: Oozing pus between teeth is a clear indicator of an active periodontal infection.

Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Prompt treatment is critical to halt the progression of periodontal disease and protect gum and bone health. Your dentist will evaluate the entire mouth, determine the severity of the infection, and recommend appropriate treatment.

  • Moderate disease: Scaling and root planing is performed to clean debris from pockets beneath the gums. Antibiotics may be applied to eliminate remaining bacteria and promote healing.
  • Severe periodontitis: Multiple treatment options may be considered:
    • Laser treatment: Reduces the size of gum pockets.
    • Tissue and bone grafting: Rebuilds lost gum and bone tissue using grafts and membranes to stimulate growth.
    • Pocket elimination surgery (flap surgery): Directly reduces the depth of gum pockets to restore healthier tissue attachment.

Early diagnosis and intervention are key to preserving your teeth and gum health. If you notice any of the signs or symptoms of periodontal disease, or have concerns about your oral health, contact us promptly for evaluation and treatment.