Oral Cancer and the Importance of Screening

According to the American Cancer Society, more than 30,000 cases of oral cancer are diagnosed each year, and over 7,000 result in death. The encouraging news is that oral cancer can often be detected early with an annual oral cancer exam and treated effectively in its earliest stages.

Understanding oral cancer

Oral cancer begins with an asymptomatic stage, when signs are not easily noticeable, making regular dental examinations essential. The most common type is malignant squamous cell carcinoma, typically originating in the lips or mouth tissues. Other types include teratoma, adenocarcinoma, and melanoma.

Common sites for oral cancer:

  • Lips
  • Mouth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands
  • Oropharyngeal region (throat)
  • Gums
  • Face

Why oral cancer exams matter

Around 75% of oral cancers are linked to modifiable behaviors such as smoking, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption. Your dentist can provide guidance and resources for lifestyle changes and smoking cessation.

When detected early, oral cancer treatment is highly effective. Any persistent abnormalities in the tongue, gums, mouth, or surrounding areas should be promptly evaluated by a professional. During an exam, dentists and hygienists carefully check the oral and maxillofacial regions for early signs of disease.

Signs dentists look for during an oral cancer exam:

  • Red patches and sores: Lesions on the floor of the mouth, tongue, or slow-healing sores that bleed easily.
  • Leukoplakia: A hardened white or gray raised lesion that can be precancerous or cancerous.
  • Lumps or thickened tissue: Swelling or soreness in the throat or mouth.

Oral cancer exams, diagnosis, and treatment

The exam is quick and painless. The dentist inspects the mouth, tongue, face, and neck, and may use lasers to detect changes invisible to the eye. If abnormalities are found, a diagnostic plan is created. If needed, a biopsy determines the exact stage and grade of the lesion.

Oral cancer is confirmed when the basement membrane of the epithelium is broken. Malignant cancers can spread to other areas of the mouth and face, requiring treatments such as surgical excision, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Dentists and hygienists check for oral changes during regular visits, but a comprehensive oral cancer screening should be performed at least once a year.

If you have concerns about oral cancer or notice unusual changes in your mouth, contact your dentist promptly.